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Spelling: Phonemes

Explore phonemes in 11 Plus English. Hear the smallest speech sounds and match them to graphemes so your spelling choices are clear, confident, and accurate.

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Fascinating Fact:

English has around forty four phonemes, but many more spellings. One phoneme can have several graphemes, like long a in make, day, they, great.

In 11 Plus English, phonemes are the smallest units of sound in words. You will learn to connect each sound to one or more graphemes so your spellings become consistent and accurate.

Key Terms

Phoneme: The smallest speech sound in a word, for example the three sounds in cat /k/ /a/ /t/.
Grapheme: The letter or letters that spell a phoneme, such as a, ai, or ay for the long a sound.
Phonemic awareness: The skill of hearing, identifying, and manipulating phonemes in spoken words.

Frequently Asked Questions (Click to see answers)

What is a phoneme in English?

A phoneme is the smallest speech sound that can change meaning. For example, changing /c/ to /m/ in cat makes mat.

How many phonemes are there in English?

English uses about forty four phonemes, though accents vary. Each phoneme may be spelled in several different ways.

What is the difference between phonemes and graphemes?

Phonemes are sounds you hear. Graphemes are the letters, or letter groups, that spell those sounds in writing.

Try These Related Quizzes

1 .

In which one of the following words is the 'c' sound heard in 'cat' repeated?

Celsius

Ceiling

Cesspit

Crank

'Crank' repeats the 'k' sound of the phoneme 'c'

2 .

In which one of the following words is the 't' sound heard in 'time' repeated?

Thrash

Train

Thistle

Whistle

'Train' repeats the 't' sound of the phoneme 't'. 'Whistle' and 'thistle' take a silent 't': the 't' is not pronounced

3 .

In which one of the following words is the 'ea' sound heard in 'bear' repeated?

Bare

Bar

Bat

Bacon

'Bare' repeats the sound of the phoneme 'ea'

4 .

In which one of the following words is the 's' sound heard in 'leisure' repeated?

Steal

Measure

Cross

Wastage

'Measure' repeats the 'z' sound of the phoneme 's'

5 .

In which one of the following words is the 'y' sound heard in 'sky' repeated?

Yellow

Yell

Very

'I' repeats the sound of the phoneme 'y'

6 .

In which one of the following words is the 'ch' sound heard in 'chop' repeated?

Ache

Cheese

Acne

Echidna

'Chop' repeats the 'ch' sound of the phoneme 'ch'

7 .

In which one of the following words is the 'o' sound heard in 'go' repeated?

Owl

Bolt

Row

Oyster

'Row' repeats the 'o' sound of the phoneme 'o'

8 .

In which one of the following words is the 'ee' sound heard in 'beer' repeated?

Tire

Pier

Wear

Their

'Pier' repeats the 'ee' sound of the phoneme 'ee'

9 .

In which one of the following words is the 'ea' sound heard in 'meat' repeated?

Their

Whale

Heat

Sale

'Heat' repeats the 'ea' sound of the phoneme 'ea'

10 .

In which one of the following words is the 'f' sound heard in 'fur' repeated?

Through

Although

Tough

Ought

'Tough' repeats the 'f' sound of the phoneme 'f'

Author: Frank Evans (Specialist 11 Plus Teacher and Tutor)

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