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Birds often appear larger in the winter than they do in the summer.
Physics - Energy Transfers (AQA)
The transfer of heat energy is one of the topics studied in GCSE Science. This is one of eight quizzes on that subject and it looks specifically at things which affect the rate of heat energy transfers through convection, conduction, evaporation and condensation.
Thermal energy can be transferred from one place to another by doing work or by heating processes. The rate at which heat transfers depends on several things. The heating processes are conduction, convection, evaporation and condensation and they all depend on how the particles of a particular substance are arranged. Lets have a look at these different heating processes in turn, starting with conduction:
1.
At the back of a refigerator there is a condenser which is designed to change the hot refrigerant gas into a liquid. The tubes of the condenser are attached to hundreds of small metal 'fins'. Why?
To make the process of condensation work more efficiently
To make the refrigerator look good
For insulation so that the food inside stays cold
To protect the condenser tubes
Cooling fins make the process more efficient. The rate of thermal energy transfer to the surroundings is faster than it would be if they weren't there
2.
A student investigated the rate of heat transfer from four identical containers of water. The water was heated to different temperatures (shown below). She then placed containers B and C in a freezer at -5oC and containers A and D in a room with a temperature of 20oC, and noted the temperature drop during the first two minutes of cooling. Which of the following statements is correct?
Container A: 35oC
Container B: 55oC
Container C: 45oC
Container D: 80oC
Container A: 35oC
Container B: 55oC
Container C: 45oC
Container D: 80oC
Container D cooled the fastest
Container B and container D cooled at the same rate
Container A cooled the fastest
Container B and container C cooled faster than all of the others
This question is checking to see if you understand about temperature gradients.The difference in temperature and the surroundings is called the temperature gradient - the greater the difference, the greater the gradient and the faster the cooling
3.
Which of the following statements is false?
Conduction involves thermal energy being passed between vibrating particles
Solids are better heat conductors than liquids and gases
Plastic is a good insulator because it contains free electrons
When a liquid is evaporating it cools down
Plastics are good insulators for exactly to opposite reason. It is metals that contain free electrons which help to make them good conductors
4.
A student investigated the rate of heat transfer from four identical containers of water. The water was heated to different temperatures (shown below) and she noted the temperature drop during the first two minutes of cooling. Which answer puts them in the correct order, from lowest rate to highest rate?
Container A: 35oC
Container B: 55oC
Container C: 45oC
Container D: 80oC
Container A: 35oC
Container B: 55oC
Container C: 45oC
Container D: 80oC
A, B, C, D
D, C, B, A
A, C, B, D
D, B, C, A
Heat is lost more slowly where the difference in temperature and the surroundings is lower. Hot objects therefore cool down quickly at first and then more slowly as they get closer to the temperature of the surroundings
5.
The rate at which an object transfers thermal energy depends on what?
Its surface area
Its volume and what it is made from
The nature of the surface with which it is in contact
All of the above
A hot object with a small surface area, in contact with an insulating surface will transfer its heat energy very slowly
6.
Why are cooling fins thin and flat?
To give them a small surface area
To make them as light as possible
To make them fit into place better
To give them a large surface area compared to their volume
Since their job is to transfer thermal energy into the air, a large surface area compared to their volume makes them more efficient
7.
In which direction does thermal energy (heat) flow?
Cold to hot
Hot to cold
All directions
It depends on the exact situation
Heat energy always travels from a higher temperature to a lower temperature. There are no exceptions
8.
During the cold weather, birds can often appear bigger than they do when the weather is warm. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?
Muscles in their skin lift their feathers further away from their body than in the summer
People put out food for the birds so they eat more
They do it to try to attract a mate
There are no leaves on the trees so they just look bigger when really they are the same size
Lifting the feathers slightly further than in summer traps more air next to the bird's body. Since trapped air is a good insulator, this keeps them warmer
9.
During the winter, moisture often condenses on the inside of windows of old houses. This rarely happens during the summer. Which of the following is likely to be the main reason for this?
There are no plants actively growing in the winter to absorb the moisture for photosynthesis
The glass of the window is colder in the winter than it is in the summer
Central heating systems used in winter give off moisture
Winters are cloudier than summers
Moisture in the air condenses on colder surfaces
10.
Based on the information that "the chemical called ether evaporates much faster than water", which of the following statements is true?
Ether must be a colourless liquid
Ether must be a colourless solid
Ether will make a surface cooler than water would
Water will make a surface cooler than ether would
The faster something evaporates, the cooler it makes the surface on which it is placed
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