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Prior to the late 18th Century, prisoners were transported to Britain's colonies in North America.
Crime And Punishment: Early Modern Britain
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The growth of towns and cities encouraged crime, and there was no official police force. Some forms of punishment were harsh: capital punishment was rife, as were torture and transportation. The authorities were frightened of the "many-headed monster" of popular unrest.
Discover more about law enforcement in early Modern Era Britain in this enlightening quiz.
1 .
In 1688 the death penalty could be imposed for no less than 50 different crimes. Why did courts in fact impose so few death sentences?
A shortage of executioners
Fear of public unrest over frequent executions
A reluctance on the part of juries to convict if they thought that death might ensue
The compassionate nature of most judges at the time
In fact the number of capital offenses actually increased during the following century
2 .
Which crime was regulated as a capital offense under the 1723 Black Act (amongst others)?
Vagrancy
Poaching
Nagging
Blasphemy
The fact that this was a capital offense did not necessarily mean that all of those found guilty of it would be sentenced to death
3 .
What was meant by a "bridewell" during this period?
A courtroom
A prison
A work house for the poor
The mayor's office
Most towns had one of these at this time
4 .
What term was used to describe a robber on foot encountered on the highway?
A highwayman
A footpad
A vagabond
A vagrant
Such robbers were much feared, and they could usually run fast
5 .
As there was no police force, many victims of crime hired someone to find the culprit - for a fee. What name was given to these bounty hunters?
Private detectives
Thief-takers
Special constables
Crime wardens
Poorer victims of crime could be precluded by poverty from seeking redress in this way
6 .
Women accused of witchcraft often had to undertake a "swimming test". How did this establish guilt or innocence?
A woman who floated was deemed to be a witch
A woman who sank was deemed to be a witch
A woman who drowned was considered guilty, but forgiven
A woman who swam was considered to be especially guilty
This procedure was a reminder of medieval and Anglo-Saxon practices
7 .
In Mary Tudor's reign heretics (i.e. those who followed the Protestant faith) could suffer the death penalty, and 300 were killed during her reign (1553-1558). What form of execution did they suffer?
Hanging
Burning at the stake
Drowning
Beheading
Mary and her advisors regarded the death sentence as an effective deterrent. Capital punishment was - in any event - a frequent occurrence in this period
8 .
Transportation overseas was an available punishment. To where were convicts transported until the late 1700s?
Australia
The North American colonies
South Africa
New Zealand
Transportation was not abolished as a punishment at this point: the prisoners were now re-directed to a new destination
9 .
Witchcraft was taken seriously as an offense in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. What did the witch-finders look for on an alleged witch's body to prove guilt?
The taint of the Devil
The Devil's mark
The Devil's finger
The Devil's nose
They were looking for any kind of unusual spot on the skin of the accused
10 .
Some towns and villages did employ constables, but they suffered from a crucial weakness. What was it?
They worked only part-time
They were unpaid
They had no powers of arrest
They could not pursue suspects beyond the boundaries of the village or town
Under these circumstances constables could not achieve much
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