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The control center of the circulatory system is the heart.

Basic Anatomy - The Circulatory System

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The circulatory system is also known as the cardiovascular system. It is made up of the heart and the blood vessels or arteries and veins. It is the process in which blood flows through the body in order to circulate oxygen to the tissues and organs. It is a massive system. In fact, if you were to take all of the veins and arteries of an adult human and stretched them out, it would stretch for approximately 60,000 miles!

The Heart

The headquarters, or control center of the circulatory system is the heart. The heart is a muscle. It is approximately the size of a fist and it is located slightly to the left of the middle of the chest. The heart is divided into two parts, the right side and the left side, and it acts like a pump.

The left side of the heart receives blood from the lungs and then it pumps that blood to the body. The right side of the heart then receives the blood back from the body and pumps it to the lungs to get oxygen. When looking at the heart you will notice that the left side is slightly bigger than the right side. This is because the left side does more work in that it has to push blood throughout the entire body whereas the right side just pumps blood to the lungs.

Not only is the heart divided into two halves but each half is also divided into two halves. The right side of the heart contains the right atrium and right ventricle and the left side contains the left atrium and the left ventricle. The atriums receive the blood into the heart while the ventricles pump it out. The two atriums and ventricles are also referred to as the heart’s chambers.

The Blood Vessels

Blood vessels help to carry the blood throughout the body. The vessels include the arteries which carry the blood away from the heart and the veins which return the blood back to the heart. The two largest veins are known as the superior vena carvae and the inferior vena carvae. The superior is located above the heart and the inferior is located below the heart.

The superior vena carvae carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium. Deoxygenated blood has had oxygen removed from it.

The inferior vena carvae carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body.

Capillaries are small tube-like structures that connect the veins to the arteries. It is through the capillaries that nutrients and oxygen are delivered to the cells of the body. Capillaries also remove waste from the blood such as carbon dioxide.

How much does the heart pump? Every minute of every day the heart pumps approximately 4½ liters of blood. That is equal to about 2,000 gallons a day!

1 .

How much blood is pumped through the body each day?

200,000 gallons

20,000 gallons

2,000 gallons

200 gallons

Approximately 2,000 gallons of blood are pumped throughout the body every day. Answer (c) is correct

2 .

These return blood back into the heart.

Capillaries

Arteries

Veins

Cells

The veins return blood back to the heart. Answer (c) is correct

3 .

This is the headquarters or control center of the circulatory system.

Atrium

Blood vessel

Ventricle

Heart

The heart is the headquarters or control center of the circulatory system. Answer (d) is correct

4 .

These carry the blood away from the heart.

Arteries

Veins

Capillaries

Vena carvae

Arteries carry the blood away from the heart. Answer (a) is correct

5 .

These pump the blood out of the heart.

Ventricles

Capillaries

Arteries

Atriums

The ventricles pump the blood out of the heart. Answer (a) is correct

6 .

Which of the following is NOT part of the circulatory system?

Heart

Lungs

Arteries

Veins

The heart, arteries and veins are all part of the circulatory system. The lung is not, making Answer (b) the correct answer

7 .

If you were to stretch out all of the veins and arteries of the human adult body, how far would they stretch?

60,000 miles

6,000 miles

600,000 miles

600 miles

If you were to stretch out all of the veins and arteries of the human adult body they would stretch for approximately 60,000 miles. Answer (a) is correct

8 .

The circulatory system is also known as the ______________.

nervous system

blood vessels

cardiovascular system

vena carvae

The circulatory system is also known as the cardiovascular system. Answer (c) is correct

9 .

This carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium.

Left ventricle

Inferior vena carvae

Right ventricle

Superior vena carvae

The superior vena carvae carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium. Answer (d) is correct

10 .

These receive the blood into the heart.

Capillaries

Atriums

Ventricles

Arteries

The atriums receive the blood into the heart. Answer (b) is correct

Author: Christine G. Broome

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