4 .
Composers of exotic and other operas have gone to ingenious, even gruesome lengths to specify the inclusion of not-conventionally-musical sounds in their works, often in an age before (and in some ways anticipating) films with soundtracks. Which of the following is NOT factual?
Verdi's Il Trovatore (1853) includes the famous Anvil Chorus
Poulenc's Dialogues des Carmelites (1956) focuses on a house of nuns during the French Revolution; when the nuns process offstage to their execution, the repeated sound of the guillotine is required to be heard through their choral hymn-singing
Leroy Anderson's many novelty compositions include Sandpaper Ballet, featuring the insistent rhythm of a sandblock from the percussion section
Johann Strauss in his Bahn Frei ('Way clear') polka requires the clatter, steam effects and whistle of an express railway train