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The Underground Railroad helped runaway slaves to escape. The photo shows 'A Ride for Liberty - The Fugitive Slaves' by Eastman Johnson.

The Slave Trade 02

Learn about the Middle Passage, the horrific journey enslaved Africans were forced to make across the Atlantic, and how historians study these experiences today.

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Fascinating Fact:

Disease, violence, and terrible conditions on board meant that many enslaved Africans died before even reaching the Americas.

In KS3 History, you examine what happened during the Middle Passage, when enslaved Africans were shipped across the Atlantic. You explore conditions on board, survival, resistance and the human cost of this trade.

Key Terms

Middle Passage: The Atlantic sea journey where enslaved Africans were transported in cramped, brutal conditions to the Americas.
Slave ship: A ship specially used to carry enslaved Africans, often overcrowded, dirty and extremely dangerous.
Mortality rate: The proportion of people who die in a group; on slave ships this rate was shockingly high.

Frequently Asked Questions (Click to see answers)

What were conditions like on the Middle Passage?

Conditions on the Middle Passage were overcrowded, filthy and terrifying. Enslaved Africans were chained, given little food or water, and faced heat, disease and violence from the crew.

Why did so many enslaved Africans die on slave ships?

Many died because of diseases like dysentery and smallpox, dehydration, poor food, injuries, and brutal treatment. The conditions on slave ships made it very hard for people to survive the journey.

How do historians know about the Middle Passage today?

Historians study ship logs, traders’ letters, government records and accounts from formerly enslaved people. By comparing these sources, they build a clearer picture of what happened on the Middle Passage.

Try These Related Quizzes

1 .

Slaves who came to Britain usually worked as what?

Coalminers

Factory hands

Gravediggers

Servants to rich people

They were cheaper than employing European servants

2 .

Runaway slaves in the West Indies had what name?

Cherries

Crimsons

Maroons

Scarlets

They formed their own communities

3 .

In 1729 a slave was legally said to be .......

able to claim freedom through the courts

entitled to be paid a wage

his or her master's property

his or her own boss

Very few people at the time considered that it was unjust to consider a person to be 'property'

4 .

Which statement about slave ships is false?

Ships often carried more slaves than there was room for

Slaves had individual cabins

Slaves were chained below decks

Slaves were punished for disobedience

The slave ship owners made huge profits as they packed as many slaves into as small a space as possible

5 .

What type of songs were a response to the slave trade?

Lullabies

Nursery rhymes

Sea shanties

Spirituals

Sometimes called 'sorrow songs'

6 .

What often happened to whole families sold as slaves?

All the family worked for the same owner

The children went to school while the parents worked

The children were sent back to Africa

They were split up at auction

Only in rare cases was the family ever reunited

7 .

Which American organisation helped runaway slaves to escape?

The Freedom Wagon

The Invisible Tramcar

The Secret Ferry

The Underground Railroad

It took them to the northern states or Canada where there was little or no slavery

8 .

130 slaves were thrown overboard from which ship in 1782?

Cong

Fong

Tong

Zong

They made a navigational error and were running out of water. The insurance allowed a ship owner to make a claim if part of the cargo was thrown overboard to save the rest. The cargo was slaves

9 .

Who was the captain of the Zong?

Catherwood

Collingwood

Sherwood

Westwood

He was inexperienced as a captain

10 .

Who was heavily involved in the Zong court case?

George Squire

Grant Stone

Granville Sharp

Greville Speke

Despite his best efforts, no member of the Zong's crew were ever tried for murder

You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - The transatlantic slave trade

Author: Jan Crompton (KS3 Geography & History Teacher, Professional Quiz Writer)

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