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The car, which was wrapped in a huge green ribbon, was his birthday present. This sentence contains the subordinate clause "which was wrapped in a huge green ribbon".

Sentences (Relative Clauses) 01

Relative clauses add detail to nouns. Learn how who, which, and that help build clear KS3 sentences without losing the main idea.

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Fascinating Fact:

A relative clause adds extra information about a noun. The bus that stops at Gate B arrives at 8,10 am.

In KS3 English, you’ll learn to use relative clauses to add precise information without starting a new sentence. You’ll practise choosing who, which, that and punctuating clauses so ideas flow smoothly.

Key Terms

Relative pronoun: A word like who, which, that introducing a clause about a noun.
Defining clause: Essential information that identifies the noun; no commas needed.
Non-defining clause: Extra information; use commas to separate it from the main clause.

Frequently Asked Questions (Click to see answers)

What is a relative clause in KS3 English?

A relative clause is a group of words beginning with a relative pronoun (who, which, that) that gives more information about a noun in the sentence.

When do I use commas with relative clauses?

Use commas for non-defining clauses: “My bike, which is red, is fast.” Do not use commas for defining clauses: “The bike that is red is mine.”

What’s the difference between who, which and that?

Who is for people, which for things/animals, and that is common in defining clauses for people or things. Avoid that after commas.

Try These Related Quizzes

1 .

Select the correct term for the following.
The toolbox, which he carried, was heavy.

Complex

Compound

Phrase

Simple

A complex sentence has two or more clauses

2 .

Select the correct term for the following.
Its lights, which had been working, had broken.

Complex

Compound

Phrase

Simple

A relative clause can begin with 'which' or 'who'

3 .

Select the correct term for the following.
....... the shop's lights .......

Complex

Compound

Phrase

Simple

"The shop's lights" is a noun phrase, or, in other words, a phrase acting as a noun

4 .

Select the correct term for the following.
The electrician, whom they had telephoned, arrived.

Complex

Compound

Phrase

Simple

A relative clause is a type of subordinate clause

5 .

Select the correct term for the following.
The electrician arrived and he carried his toolbox.

Complex

Compound

Phrase

Simple

A compound sentence is formed when simple sentences have been joined

6 .

Select the correct term for the following.
....... in his hand .......

Complex

Compound

Phrase

Simple

A phrase is a group of words which fulfil a single grammatical function ("in his hand" is a prepositional phrase)

7 .

Select the correct term for the following.
He carried a toolbox and he mended the shop's lights.

Complex

Compound

Phrase

Simple

When two sentences are joined by words such as "and", "or" or "but", they create a compound sentence

8 .

Select the correct term for the following.
He carried a toolbox in his hand.

Complex

Compound

Phrase

Simple

A simple sentence has a subject (he) and a verb (carried). It might also have a direct and/or indirect object ("toolbox" here is a direct object)

9 .

Select the correct term for the following.
The shop, which was apparently open, had no lights on.

Complex

Compound

Phrase

Simple

You find relative clauses in complex sentences

10 .

Select the correct term for the following.
....... an electrician's toolbox .......

Complex

Compound

Phrase

Simple

A phrase is a group of words. "An electrician's toolbox" is a noun phrase

You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - What is grammar?

Author: Sue Daish (English Teacher, Principal Examiner & Published Author)

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Sentences (Relative Clauses) 01

Fascinating Fact:

Key Terms

Frequently Asked Questions (Click to see answers)

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