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5 x 3 is the same as 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3, or 5 + 5 + 5. They all give the answer 15.

Year 2 Calculation - Multiplication (Mental Methods)

This quiz addresses the requirements of the National Curriculum KS1 Maths and Numeracy for children aged 6 and 7 in year 2. Specifically this quiz is aimed at the section dealing with using mental methods for multiplication.

Understanding the process of multiplication can be quite a tricky challenge for some children. An introduction to this number operation will usually show that multiplication is, in fact, repeated addition. For example, the calculation of 3 x 4 is the same as 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 or 4 + 4 + 4. They are then encouraged to use mental methods to solve multiplication problems by using the number facts they have learned, for example if 3 + 3 + 3 = 9 then 3 x 3 = 9. This is closely related to the mental methods Year 2 children learn to solve division problems.

Question 1

Which of the following calculations is correct?

4 x 4 = 16

4 + 4 + 4 = 16

3 = 4 = 16

4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 16

4 x 4 is the same as 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 16

Question 2

Pizzas are cut into 8 slices. Which calculations show how many slices there would be if there were 3 pizzas?

3 x 8 = 24
8 x 3 = 24
3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 24
8 + 8 + 8 = 24

2 x 4 = 8
4 x 2 = 8
4 + 4 = 8
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8

2 x 8 = 16
8 x 2 = 16
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 16
8 + 8 = 16

4 x 8 = 32
8 x 4 = 32
8 + 8 + 8 + 8 = 32
4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 32

If each pizza has 8 slices, and there are 3 pizzas, this is the same as 8 x 3 or 3 x 8

Question 3

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 is the same as:

4 x 4

2 x 2

4 x 2

2 x 2 x 2 x 2

Multiplication is the same as repeated addition

Question 4

If 2 hands = 10 fingers, how many fingers will 6 hands be?

30 because 6 x 10 = 30

30 because 3 x 10 = 30

30 because 6 x 2 = 30

30 because 2 x 6 = 30

10 + 10 + 10 = 30, this is the same as 3 x 10

Question 5

2 x 3 = 6 so:

3 x 3 = 6

2 + 3 = 6

3 + 2 = 6

3 x 2 = 6

The smaller numbers in a multiplication can go in either order

Question 6

Jane makes rows of sweets. She puts 5 sweets in each row.
If she makes 4 rows, how many sweets will she use?

45 because 4 x 5 = 45

54 because 5 x 4 = 54

25 because 5 x 5 = 25

20 because 5 x 4 or 4 x 5 = 20

This is the same as 5 + 5 + 5 + 5

Question 7

Which of the following calculations is incorrect?

2 x 6 = 12

6 x 2 = 12

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 12

4 x 4 = 12

All the others show some of the different ways 12 can be made

Question 8

Which of the following calculations is correct?

4 x 3 = 12

3 x 3 = 12

2 x 4 = 12

4 x 4 x 4 = 12

3 x 4, 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 and 4 + 4 + 4 would also give the same answer

Question 9

Which calculation 'family' would be most appropriate to describe 15 cakes?

3 x 4 = 12
4 x 3 = 12
3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12
4 + 4 + 4 = 12

3 x 5 = 15
5 x 3 = 15
3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 15
5 + 5 + 5 = 15

5 x 4 = 20
4 x 5 = 20
4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 20
5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20

6 x 4 = 24
4 x 6 = 24
4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 24
6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 24

15 cakes could be arranged in 3 rows of 5, or 5 rows of 3

Question 10

What are three lots of four?

4 + 3 = 12

3 + 3 = 12

3 x 4 = 12

3 x 3 = 12

This is the same as 4 + 4 + 4 or 3 + 3 + 3 + 3

You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Multiplying and dividing

Author: Angela Smith

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Year 2 Calculation - Multiplication (Mental Methods)

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