| Aluminium is the most abundant metal in Earth's crust | Metals |
| Copper is used for pipes because it does not react much with water | |
| Alloys are made of at least 2 elements, only 1 has to be a metal | |
| Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity | |
| Bromine and mercury are the only liquid metals at room temperature | |
| One of the flexor muscles for the elbow is the biceps | Body Systems |
| The trachea is kept open by rings made from cartilage | |
| A fertilised egg that starts to divide is called a morula | |
| The small intestine in an adult is up to 7 metres long | |
| There are 4 chambers in our hearts: 2 atria and 2 ventricles | |
| So far we have discovered 118 elements | Elements |
| The horizontal rows in the Periodic table are called the periods | |
| About three-quarters of all elements are metals | |
| An element is a substance that is made up of only one kind of atom | |
| Francium, Polonium and Germanium are named after countries | |
| A compound contains 2 or more elements chemically joined together | Compounds |
| Silicon dioxide is the most abundant. It makes up 59% of Earth's crust | |
| There are 4 types of compound: molecular, salt, complex and intermetallic | |
| Salts are compounds whose atoms are held together with ionic bonds | |
| Mixtures are not compounds. They are made from substances, not elements | |
| Hibernation is an adaptation to the cold and lack of food in winter | Adaptation |
| Camels have many adaptations to desert life besides their humps | |
| Deciduous trees lose their leaves in winter in order to save water | |
| The dark circles round meerkats' eyes act like sunglasses in bright light | |
| Some fish in Antarctic waters have "antifreeze" proteins in their blood | |
| Coal stores chemical energy from the remains of plants and trees | Energy |
| The source of most of the energy resources on Earth is the sun | |
| When a candle burns chemical energy is converted to heat and light | |
| Energy is measured in joules, named after physicist J.P. Joule | |
| Energy can be changed from one form into another. It cannot be created | |
| DNA is an abbreviation for “deoxyribonucleic acid” | Classification |
| The 5 kingdoms of organism are: animal, plant, fungi, protista and monera | |
| Every animal that has a skeleton inside its body is a vertebrate | |
| Humans are Homo sapiens, which means “wise man” in Latin | |
| There are 9 different phyla of invertebrates including sponges and worms | |
| Forces are measured in newtons, named after physicist Sir Isaac Newton | Forces |
| Forces can change the shape, speed or direction of movement of objects | |
| Stationary objects experience balanced forces of equal strength | |
| There are 4 fundamental forces that govern everything in the universe | |
| The weight of something is the amount of force gravity has on it | |
| Our stomachs produce strong hydrochloric acid | Acids & Alkalis |
| The pH scale is a measure of acidity or alkalinity from 0 to 14 | |
| As they separate into ions in water, both acids and alkalis conduct electricity | |
| Strong acids and bases are both corrosive | |
| Vinegar is a common acid. Soapy water is a common alkali | |
| The electromagnetic force acts on anything that has an electric charge | Electromagnetism |
| The link between electricity and magnets was discovered in 1820 | |
| A transformer uses electromagnetism to transfer power between two circuits | |
| The most common magnetic material is steel, an alloy of iron and carbon | |
| The Earth acts like a huge magnet and its magnetic field extends into space | |
