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Crude oil is the raw material used for making plastics.
Chemistry - Other Uses of Crude Oil (AQA)
One of the major topics in GCSE Science is crude oil and other sources of fuel. This is the fourth of six quizzes on that topic and it looks specifically at some of the many different uses of crude oil, other than as a source of fuel.
When crude oil is separated into its fractions many of the hydrocarbons can be used as fuels. These range from gases, like propane and butane, to the heavy fuel oil that is used to power ships. The greater the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon, the more energy it releases when it is burnt. But, despite being a valuable source of energy, there is a downside to using hydrocarbons as fuel. Burning them releases carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the air, causing global warming and other types of environmental damage.
1 .
What is the key difference between the alkanes and the alkenes that are produced by cracking, and what is the cause?
Alkenes are much more reactive as they are unsaturated
Alkanes are much more reactive as they are suturated
Alkenes have a smell because their chemical bonds are weak
Alkenes are all coloured compounds because they polarise the light passing through them
It is their increased reactivitiy that makes the alkenes particularly useful. Being unsaturated means there is a double bond between at least one pair of carbon atoms. This is easier to break than the single bonds in the alkanes
2 .
Ethanol can be added to petrol used in car engines. Why is this?
It makes cars travel faster
It is a good way of getting rid of the ethanol that we don't need
It makes the fuel easier to burn than just using petrol on its own
It burns more cleanly, reducing air pollution
Another reason is that petrol reserves are limited and diluting it with ethanol will make it last longer
3 .
Ethanol can be made by fermenting plants or from the ethene obtained by cracking crude oil. What would be a disadvantage of making it from oil?
It comes from a renewable source
It comes from a non-renewable source
It contains more impurities
It doesn't mix as easily with petrol as the ethanol from plants
So although pollution is less, because it too is made from oil, it will no longer be available when oil reserves are exhausted
4 .
What is the test used to detect an alkene and what is the result?
Limewater/cloudy
Litmus paper/bleached
Bromine water/colourless
Universal indicator/brown
The orange colour in bromine water is from the bromine molecules. When you add an alkene, the bromine molecules react with the double bond and become attached to the alkene molecules. This is why the colour disappears
5 .
During the cracking of alkanes from crude oil, one of the products is:
an alcohol
an aldehyde
an alkene
an alkyne
Alkenes can be used to make any of the other 3 chemcals mentioned in this question, which is why they are a great starting point for making other products from crude oil
6 .
Why is the residue fraction often used for cracking?
It is too sticky to use for anything else
The molecules are very small
It is the cheapest thing to do with it
There is more produced than is used
It also has large molecules which can be cracked in different ways to provide various different chemicals for industry
7 .
Which of the fractions of oil is most often used to manufacture chemicals instead of being used as a fuel?
Petrol
Naptha
Kerosene
Residue
The naptha fraction comprises molecules that have 6 - 11 carbon atoms in their chain
8 .
What is the general formula for any alkene?
CnH2n
C2nHn+2
CnH2n+2
CnH2
Having a double bond means that there will always be 2 hydrogen atoms less in an alkene when compared to the equivalent alkane
9 .
Which of the following represents a carbon to carbon double bond in an alkene?
CxC
--CC
C-d-C
C=C
When drawing the structure of alkenes, the symbol for the double bond resembles an equals sign. You only need to know the names of the first two alkenes - ethene and propene
10 .
Read the following passage. Which answer gives the missing words in the correct order?
There are two good reasons for cracking oil __________. Firstly, there just aren't enough fuels like petrol or _________ in the original crude oil to meet demand. Secondly, _______ that are needed to manufacture other chemicals are not found in oil but can be made from it. Cracking means the vast majority of crude oil can be turned into useful products and not just burnt as ______.
There are two good reasons for cracking oil __________. Firstly, there just aren't enough fuels like petrol or _________ in the original crude oil to meet demand. Secondly, _______ that are needed to manufacture other chemicals are not found in oil but can be made from it. Cracking means the vast majority of crude oil can be turned into useful products and not just burnt as ______.
portions, ethanol, alkanes, fuels
fractions, diesel, alkenes, fuels
elements, diesel, alkanes, water
compounds, petrol, alkenes, hydrogen
Cracking is an important process as it enables us to use virtually everything in crude oil
You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes - AQA
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