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Oral contraceptives contain hormones which prevent eggs maturing.
Biology - Fertility (AQA)
In GCSE Science students will be taught about how organisms use nerves and hormones. This is the fourth of five quizzes on that topic and it looks in particular at the effect that hormones have in human fertility.
There are several chemical substances called hormones and they each have a different effect on us. Many processes within the human body are coordinated by hormones. They are secreted by glands and are usually transported to their target organs by the bloodstream.
Hormones regulate the functions of many organs and cells. For example, the monthly release of an egg from a woman’s ovaries and the changes in the thickness of the lining of her womb are controlled by hormones secreted by the pituitary gland and by the ovaries.
1 .
Which of the following hormones is not involved in human fertility?
Aldosterone
Progesterone
FSH
Luteinising hormone
Aldosterone helps to regulate your blood pressure, the levels of sodium and potassium in your body and the amount of water retained in the blood
2 .
Why is FSH used during IVF?
It increases the number of eggs available for fertilisation
It stimulates the uterus to be ready to receive the fertilised egg
It prevents the woman's body from producing oestrogen
It helps the man produce better quality sperm
FSH is the hormone that stimulates eggs to mature in the ovaries. Having more mature eggs to work with gives a better chance of IVF succeeding
3 .
When is in vitro fertilisation (IVF) used?
When a woman is unable to produce her own eggs
When the lining of the uterus cannot support natural fertilisation
When the quantity or quality of a man's sperm is poor
When a couple wants to have twins
It is also used when women have difficulty becoming pregnant because they don't produce enough FSH to allow their eggs to mature. The egg is fertilised outside the woman's body and then implanted into her uterus
4 .
The oral contraceptive pill greatly reduces the chances of a woman producing mature eggs and therefore reduces her chances of becoming pregnant. Which of the following are possible side effects?
Changes in weight, mood and blood pressure
Acne and eczema
Hair loss
All of the above
Oral contraceptives contain oestrogen, or oestrogen and progesterone. There is also a chance of an increased risk of developing blood clots but on the plus side there is evidence of a decreased risk of developing cancer of the uterus or ovaries
5 .
The hormone oestrogen is secreted by the ovaries. Which of the following is a function of oestrogen?
Higher levels cause menstruation
It maintains the lining of the uterus
It causes the release of an egg from the ovary
It stops FSH from being produced
Oestrogen stops FSH being produced so that only one egg matures in a cycle. It also stimulates the release of LH which causes the mature egg to be released from the ovary into the uterus
6 .
How do fertility drugs work?
They contain oestrogen which stimulates egg production in the ovaries
They contain progesterone which causes lots of eggs to be released from the ovaries
They contain three hormones which fertilise an egg in the ovaries
They contain FSH which stimulates eggs to mature in the ovaries
Some women have difficulty becoming pregnant because they don't produce enough FSH to allow their eggs to mature. This type of treatment increases the production of mature eggs and can lead to twins or triplets being expected. This brings its own complications and can lead to premature or underweight babies being born
7 .
The hormone progesterone is secreted by the ovaries. Which of the following is a function of progesterone?
Higher levels cause menstruation
It maintains the lining of the uterus
It causes the release of an egg from the ovary
It stops FSH from being produced
It maintains the lining of the uterus during the middle part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy
8 .
The female menstrual cycle is controlled by what?
Messages from the brain sent via the nervous system
The ovaries
Several hormones
The uterus
There are a number of hormones secreted by the pituitary gland and the ovaries that control fertility and the menstrual cycle
9 .
Choose the pair of words that best describes where hormones are produced and how they are transported.
Brain, nerves
Stomach, blood
Bones, nerves
Glands, blood
There are many different glands in the body, each producing specific hormones
10 .
In which gland are FSH and LH produced?
Adrenal
Thyroid
Pituitary
Hypothalmus
The pituitary gland is a pea-sized structure located at the base of the brain. It produces a number of other hormones as well as FSH
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