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Eye colour is an example of genetic variation.
Biology - Differences Between Organisms (AQA)
In GCSE Science, students will look at genetic variation and its control. This is the first of four quizzes on the subject and it look in particular at the differences that can be found between organisms of the same species. This is partly genetic variation, such as eye colour, but also environmental variation, caused by things such as diet.
There are not only differences between different species of plants and animals but also between individual organisms of the same species. These differences are due partly to the information they have inherited from their parents and partly to the different environments in which the individuals live and grow.
1 .
Genes are part of what?
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Chlorophyll
Chromosomes
A gene is a section of DNA, which carries coding for the cell to make a particular protein. These proteins combine to make more complex chemicals like amino acids and enzymes, needed for the organism to function
2 .
Why is plotting a line graph of foot length more appropriate than using a bar chart?
Foot length is an example of continuous variation
Feet are different shapes
Foot length is an example of discontinuous variation
Shoe size depends on foot length
Continuous variation is variation that has no limit on the value that can occur within a population. A line graph is used to represent continuous variation. Had the question been about foot (shoe) size rather than foot length, the answer would have been a histogram. Foot (shoe) sizes have only certain values
3 .
Gametes contain only half the number of chromosomes other types of cells have, therefore they are what?
Haploid
Diploid
Ovoid
Blastoid
Diploid cells contain a full set of chromosomes
4 .
Which of the following is correct in order of decreasing size?
Cell, nucleus,chromosome, gene
Gene, chromosome, nucleus, cell
Nucleus, cell, gene, chromosome
Cell, chromosome, gene, nucleus
A lot of candidates mix up the size of chromosomes and genes, genes are small parts of chromosomes
5 .
What causes inherited variation?
The new individual gets half of its genes from each parent
The new individual gets all of its genes from one parent only
The new individual has completely different genes to either of its parents
During fertilisation, all of the genes change shape
Inherited variation means that the offspring resemble their parents but not exactly
6 .
Environmental variation can be caused by which of the following?
Climate
Light intensity
Diet
All three of the above
Climate and light intensity can create environmental variation in both plants and animals e.g. plants grow more slowly in a cold climate and hair goes lighter in strong sunlight
7 .
Eye colour can be changed using coloured contact lenses. Eye colour is an example of what?
Genetic variation only
Environmental variation only
Genetic and environmental variation
None of the above
True eye colour is controlled by genes. Exactly which ones are involved is not yet known
8 .
Eye colour is an example of which of the following?
Continual variation
Continuing variation
Discontinued variation
Discontinuous variation
Discontinuous variation can only have certain values
9 .
A group of students carried out a survey into the blood groups. What would be the most appropriate way to show the data?
A pie chart
A line graph
An infographic
A histogram (bar chart)
Blood groups are an example of discontinuous variation. You could use a pie chart but the usual scientific way of showing ths type of data is to plot it on a histogram because it is easier to see small differences. Pie charts are better if you convert your results to percentages
10 .
Which of the following could account for body mass?
Genetic reasons only
Environmental reasons only
Genetic and environmental reasons
None of the above
Genes can give one organism a greater body mass than another but environmental factors like diet can create differences too
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