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The Metropolitan Police was founded in 1829.

Crime And Punishment: Industrial Britain (18th And 19th Centuries)

How did crime and punishment change in industrial Britain? Test your GCSE History knowledge of new prisons, transportation overseas, and reforms in the 18th and 19th centuries.

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Fascinating Fact:

Transportation became a common punishment. Offenders were sent first to American colonies, then to Australia after the American War of Independence.

In GCSE History, the industrial Britain crime and punishment topic explores how rapid urban growth, new industries, and political change led to different views about crime, responsibility, and the best way to punish offenders.

Key Terms

Transportation: A punishment where convicted people were sent overseas for years of enforced labour and settlement, usually in distant colonies of the British Empire.
Penal colony: A settlement created mainly to hold and control prisoners, where convicts were made to work as part of their punishment.
Separate system: A prison regime that kept prisoners alone in their cells for most of the day, aiming to prevent bad influences and encourage reflection.

Frequently Asked Questions (Click to see answers)

What is industrial Britain crime and punishment in GCSE History?

Industrial Britain crime and punishment in GCSE History covers how offences, courts, and penalties changed in the 18th and 19th centuries as towns grew and government power increased.

Why did Britain use transportation as a punishment?

Britain used transportation to remove offenders from crowded cities, supply labour to colonies, and provide what authorities saw as a strong deterrent without always using the death penalty.

How did prisons change in the 19th century?

In the 19th century prisons became more organised and controlled, with government inspections, strict routines, and systems like separate and silent working to reform as well as punish.

Try These Related Quizzes

1 .

Without any kind of police force, some eighteenth century magistrates set up their own teams of constables. What was John Fielding's force called?

Bow Street Runners

Fielding's Runners

Rochester Row Runners

Bow Street Boys

These were informal groups, usually employed by a particular court

2 .

The Gordon Riots, of 1780, in London lasted for five days. What was the issue involved?

Anti-French opinion

Anti-Roman Catholic feeling

Hunger

Unemployment

Feelings could run high in London, where the authorities could do little against a determined riot

3 .

A form of mutilation punishment was finally abolished in 1829. The thumb or the cheek were normally chosen to be burnt. What was this practice called?

Branding

Marking

Engraving

Scorching

Most forms of torture were falling into disuse during the nineteenth century

4 .

There were still areas of towns and cities where the forces of law and order were reluctant to go during this period. What were such zones called?

No go areas

Off limits zones

Rookeries

Forbidden areas

Even with a proper police force of the kind that emerged later in the nineteenth century, such areas remained

5 .

In the early nineteenth century there were sites in London where public executions could be observed. One was Newgate, where was the other, situated near to Marble Arch?

Moorfields

Coram Fields

Tyburn

Pentonville

Executions were public spectacles, where large crowds gathered to enjoy every aspect - including speeches by the victims

6 .

In 1829 the Home Secretary, Sir Robert Peel, set up the Metropolitan Police. They were dubbed "Peelers". What other name was used?

Bobbies

The Old Bill

Rozzers

The Boys in Blue

They were active only in London, but by 1842 each county had some sort of a police force

7 .

Instead of being transported some prisoners were held in disused ships moored in the Thames Estuary. What was this accommodation called?

Prison Ships

The Hulks

The Wrecks

The Medway Boats

This was a cheap way of holding convicts, as transportation was expensive

8 .

Corporal punishment in the army was abolished in 1881. What was it called?

Flogging

Whipping

Birching

Scourging

This was one among a number of army reforms introduced in stages after the Crimean War

9 .

Another form of punishment was abolished in 1837. This involved humiliating the victim, whose arms were stuck in a static wooden structure while the crowd hurled abuse and other things. What was this called?

The stocks

The pillory

The judicial mask

The crucifix

The reason for abolition was the authorities' concern that serious disorder might develop at such sites

10 .

A professional detective organisation was set up within the police from 1877. What was it called?

Scotland Yard

The CID

The Special Patrol Group

The Special Constabulary

Henceforward police careers would proceed within the detective force or the mainstream police force