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Of Mice and Men - Context
How much do you know about Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck?

Of Mice and Men - Context

Explore the historical context of Of Mice and Men, from the Great Depression and migrant workers to the American Dream, and see how background shapes characters and themes.

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Fascinating Fact:

The American Dream, the belief that hard work could bring independence and success, is central, but the novel questions how achievable this dream really was.

In GCSE English Literature, the context of Of Mice and Men includes the Great Depression, migrant ranch work, racism, and disability, helping students understand why characters’ hopes and choices feel so fragile.

  • Great Depression: A severe economic crisis in the 1930s that led to mass unemployment, poverty, and insecurity across the United States.
  • Migrant worker: A labourer who travels from place to place to find temporary work, often moving between farms and ranches.
  • American Dream: The belief that anyone can succeed through hard work, even though the novel shows this dream is often out of reach.
What is the historical context of Of Mice and Men?

The novel is set in 1930s California during the Great Depression, when many migrant workers travelled between ranches, facing low pay, insecurity, and harsh living conditions.

What does the dream farm represent in Of Mice and Men?

The dream farm represents safety, belonging, and control over life. For George, Lennie, and Candy it is a shared hope that briefly unites them and shows how deeply they long for stability.

Why do GCSE students study the context of Of Mice and Men?

Studying context helps GCSE students understand characters’ attitudes, key themes like loneliness and hope, and write stronger exam essays that link quotations to historical background.

1 .
George and Lennie carry their "bindles" with them. What is a "bindle"?
A sack or bundle
A suitcase
A box
A trunk
A bindle, or bundle of belongings, is often pictured being carried over the shoulder tied to a staff. George and Lennie are described as carrying their blanket rolls "slung over their shoulders"
2 .
What effect did the "Dust Bowl" have on 1930s California?
California's rich agricultural land was slowly eroded and impoverished during the long drought
A severe drought in California led to a shortage of agricultural labour in the state
A severe drought in the southwest caused an influx of migrants into the state
The Dust Bowl had no effect on California; its effects were confined to Oklahoma
Driven from home by an extended drought, these migrants hoped, like Lennie and George, for agricultural work and eventually land and new homes of their own. As in the novel, this dream had very little chance of coming true
3 .
The title of the novel is taken from a poem by Robert Burns which includes these lines: "The best laid schemes o' mice an' men / Gang oft a-gley." How are these lines relevant to the novel?
When their dream seems finally within reach, everything falls apart for Lennie and George
Lennie and George do not plan well, unlike the "mice and men" of Burns's poem
If Lennie and George had been better workers, they would already have bought their own land
If Lennie and George had been more careful with their money, they would already have bought their own land
Their impossible dream has only just become a concrete and achievable possibility when Lennie's killing of Curley's wife makes it once again impossible. "A-gley" means "awry"
4 .
Where was John Steinbeck born?
New York
Oklahoma
California
Mississippi
Steinbeck grew up in California and set Of Mice and Men in an environment very familiar to him (he was, in fact, born in Salinas)
5 .
Who is the victim of the racist attitudes prevalent in the United States at the time the novel was written?
Crooks
Candy
Curley's wife
Lennie
Crooks is excluded from the company of the other men because of their ingrained racist views. California had a long history of racist laws and an unofficial racial segregation prevails on the ranch
6 .
What does the bindle signify?
Poverty
Homelessness
Frequent unemployment
All of the above
George and Lennie have few possessions and no home; they carry all of their possessions in their bindles. At the beginning of the novel, George takes their supper, three tins of beans, out of his bindle
7 .
What are itinerant labourers?
Workers who have several part-time jobs at the same time
Illegal immigrants
Self-employed workers
Workers who must move from one job to another
Itinerant labourers must move from place to place in search of seasonal work such as the agricultural jobs upon which Lennie and George survive. Such work is by its nature extremely insecure
8 .
What event took place on 29th October 1929?
The sinking of the Lusitania
The bombing of Pearl Harbour
The assassination of William McKinley
The Wall Street Crash
The stock market crash on Wall Street marks the beginning of the Great Depression, magnifying the long-running labour problems in California
9 .
When was Of Mice and Men first published?
1927
1937
1947
1957
Of Mice and Men is set in the same decade in which it was written and deals with the social and economic issues facing its contemporary audience
10 .
In the novel, California's rich and productive agricultural land provides a stark contrast with which of the following?
The impoverishment of the owners of the land
The impoverished lives and circumstances of those who work the land
The impoverishment of the bosses
The impoverishment of those working in factories and other industries
The wealth of the land belongs to the owners; very little is shared with the workers who plant, tend and harvest crops
You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Of Mice and Men

Author:  Sheri Smith (PhD English Literature, English Teacher & Quiz Writer)

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