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Atomic Structure 3

This is a copy of the Atomium monument in Brussels, Belgium, which forms the shape of a unit cell of an iron crystal magnified 165 billion times.

Atomic Structure 3

The study of atomic structure forms a large part of GCSE Chemistry. This is the last in our series of three quizzes on the topic and it looks not only at the numbers and arrangement of protons, neutrons and electrons in atoms, their atomic numbers and their atomic mass, but also at the numbers of electrons in the different shells of atoms and how the electrons in an atom’s outer shell are affected when ions are formed.

One of the biggest hurdles to understanding chemistry is the idea of scale. With atomic structure, we are dealing with processes and objects that we cannot see directly which is why it was not until well into the 20th century that protons and neutrons were identified. Our knowledge of what lies inside an atom has been discovered by using indirect observations, for example, the scattering of alpha particles as they passed through a thin piece of gold foil demonstrated that the mass of an atom was concentrated into a very small area at the centre - the nucleus.

1 .
How many electrons are in the first shell of a carbon atom?
1
2
4
6
Whatever the element, the first shell can ONLY ever contain 2 electrons maximum
2 .
How many electrons are in the outer shell of a nitride 3- ion?
5
3
8
7
A nitrogen atom has 5 electrons in its outer shell. A nitride 3- ion must therefore have 8
3 .
An atom has 2 electrons, 2 neutrons and 2 protons. What is the atomic number of this atom?
6
1
2
4
The atom is helium. The number of protons is equal to the atomic number
4 .
A fluorine atom has 9 electrons - 7 in its outer shell and 2 in its inner shell. How many electrons would be in the outer shell if it were to become a fluoride ion?
2
4
6
8
Fluorine gains one electron to become a fluoride ion. It then has 10 electrons but only 9 protons, so overall, the fluoride ion has a charge of -1
5 .
An atom has 7 electrons - 2 in its inner shell and 5 in its outer shell. What group of the periodic table is this element found in?
2
3
4
5
There are different ways of numbering the groups of the periodic table. Most UK exam boards still follow the convention that the number of electrons in the outer shell = number of group. If you study chemistry to higher levels, you will find that this is no longer the case other than for groups 1 and 2.
6 .
How many electrons are in the first shell of a hydrogen atom?
1
2
3
4
Hydrogen is the simplest element with one proton and one electron
7 .
An element has 2 electrons in its inner shell, 8 in its next shell and 1 in its outer shell. What type of ion would it form?
1-
1+
2+
3-
This atom will lose an electron to form a 1+ ion
8 .
An atom contains 9 electrons. How many neutrons are there in the nucleus of this atom?
10
9
19
11
Fluorine has 9 electrons around the nucleus. The question tells you it is an atom not an ion so it must have 9 protons and therefore the atomic number of 9. From the Periodic Table, the mass number of fluorine is 19 so 19 - 9 = 10 neutrons
9 .
An atom of which element has 11 electrons?
Potassium
Sodium
Magnesium
Neon
The question specifically tells you that the element is an atom and not an ion, so it must be sodium
10 .
Which element has 2 electrons, 2 neutrons and 2 protons?
Fluorine
Sodium
Helium
Neon
There are two protons in the nucleus so it has the atomic number of 2. When you look that up on the Periodic Table, you find that it corresponds to helium. The first shell is complete which is why helium is an unreactive gas
You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Atomic structure

Author:  Kate Gardiner
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