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Unit 1 - Genetic Engineering
People are concerned about genetic engineering, given what some GM foods turn out like!

Unit 1 - Genetic Engineering

This GCSE Biology quiz takes a look at the genetic engineering of plants, animals and bacteria, and how we use genetic engineering in the fields of farming and medicine.

Insulin, vaccines and growth hormone are examples of proteins made using genetic engineering and are very important drugs used in humans. Genetic engineering involves removing a gene from one organism and placing it into another organism, for example a type of bacteria. The bacteria will then multiply and make the protein instructed by that gene. Genes are cut from human chromosomes using enzymes and pasted into other organisms including plants and animals. If this is done early in development, the organism will develop new features such as better growth or resistance to disease.

1 .
Why are bacteria often used to produce proteins?
Because they multiply quickly
Because they need nutrients
Because they are available
Because they are cheap
Bacteria multiply very quickly and produce large quantities of the desired product rapidly
2 .
What does a herbicide kill?
Animals
Rats
Insects
Plants
Herbicides kill unwanted plants known as weeds. If crop plants are GM, they can be made resistant to weedkiller. Without weeds the crop can grow better and give a much higher yield
3 .
The first GM pet is which type of creature?
A dog
A hamster
A mouse
A fish
The GloFish glows in the dark as it has a gene for fluorescence. They are GM zebra fish and come in a wide variety of amazing colours
4 .
What is used to cut the gene out from a chromosome?
A special type of fat
A special type of hormone
A special type of enzyme
A special type of cell
These are given the special name of restriction enzymes
5 .
Genetic engineering involves the transfer of what?
The transfer of proteins
The transfer of sugars
The transfer of genes
The transfer of enzymes
The genetically modified organism is referred to as being transgenic
6 .
Genetic engineering can be used to make which type of drugs?
Vaccines
Food
Insects
Weeds
Insulin is another example
7 .
Crops produced using genetic engineering are known as GM. What does GM stand for?
Genes Manipulated
Genetically Modified
Great Marvel
Genes Made
GM crops can be resistant to herbicides, produce greater yields, resist a specific type of disease and so on
8 .
A major objection to GM crops is the possible creation of wild plants which are resistant to what?
Antibiotics
Weedkiller
Insecticide
Viruses
It could be possible to transfer a gene for weedkiller resistance naturally from a GM crop into a wild plant making it a 'super weed' which could outgrow all the other plants
9 .
Which of the following is often cited as an objection to GM crops?
Unknown long-term effects on humans
Killing animals
Insect populations
Habitat destruction
Some people avoid GM foods due to concerns about GM foods on human health
10 .
Cattle can be genetically enhanced to increase what?
To increase their weight
To increase their growth
To increase the number of their offspring
To increase their nutrition
It is an alternative to the use of artificial growth hormones
You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Genetic engineering (CCEA)

Author:  Donna Maria Davidson
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