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Some carnivorous plants, such as the Venus flytrap, respond to touch.
Biology - Plant Sensitivity and Control (AQA)
In GCSE Science one topic studied is how organisms use nerves and hormones. This is the last of five quizzes on that subject and it looks in particular at how plants use hormones for both sensitivity and control.
We all recognise the main parts of a plant but have you ever wondered how the stem of a plant knows to grow upwards and how the roots know that they should grow downwards?
One of the characteristics of life on earth is sensitivity to the surroundings. In the case of animals how they react to external stimuli is easy to see, however, it is not always so obvious for plants. Plants don't have a nervous system or muscles but they do have hormones which they use to give them sensitivity to their surroundings. The sensitivity granted by the hormones enables plants to grow towards light and makes their roots push down into the soil.
1 .
Some students did an experiment on plant shoots. They cut off the tips of the shoots on 10 seedlings, covered the tips of 10 more with kitchen foil and left 10 seedlings as they were as a control. The seedlings were then placed in a large box with a hole cut in one side. Which of the following would describe their results?
All the seedlings died
The seedlings that had their tips covered with kitchen foil died; the others grew normally
The seedlings that had their tips cut off stayed the same; the ones covered in kitchen foil bent away from the hole in the side of the box and the other seedlings grew normally.
The seedlings that had their tips cut off stayed the same; the ones covered in kitchen foil grew taller than the others and stayed straight; the other seedlings grew towards the hole in the side of the box
Auxins are made in the growing tips of plants - no tips, no growth. In the dark, auxin levels are higher so those seedlings grew taller. The control seedlings behaved normally and grew towards the light
2 .
The ripening of fruit is a response to hormones. Certain hormones can be sprayed on plants to make the fruit all ripen at the same time. Which of the following is not a disadvantage with this?
There will be too much to pick all at once
It is easier for commercial fruit growing companies to pick fruit in one go
The fruits ripened in this way do not all have the same colour
The fruits will continue to ripen after they have ben picked
In this type of question you are looking for an advantage. Picking all of the fruit in one short period of time makes the process cheaper for big companies
3 .
Which of these combinations describes the tropisms of shoots correctly?
Positively phototropic and positively geotropic
Negatively phototropic but positively geotropic
Positively phototropic but negatively geotropic
Negatively phototropic and negatively geotropic
This ensures that they grow in the right direction and towards the light
4 .
Gravitropism (geotropism) is also caused by a hormone. What is gravitropism?
Roots growing downwards, shoots growing upwards
Shoots growing upwards only
A plant disease
Plants growing away from the light
If you plant a seed upside-down it doesn't matter. Gravitropism will ensure that the shoot and root grow the right way
5 .
What happens in a plant shoot that makes it grow towards the light?
The warmth of the light attracts the hormone auxin so the shoot bends in the direction of the light
The auxin on the lit side of the plant shoot is destroyed by the light, making that side grow less than the other
There is less auxin on the shaded part of the plant shoot so that side grows more
The cells on the light side of the shoot shrivel up so that side gets shorter and the shoot bends over towards the light
In the cells in plant shoots, the auxins are hormones that stimulate growth
6 .
Which of the following options applies to the plant hormones, auxins?
Auxins are found only in the leaf cells of plants
Auxins respond only to light
Auxins are made in the growing tips and spread throughout the plant
Auxins respond only to gravity
Auxins are a group of plant hormones that control phototropism and geotropism
7 .
Which of these combinations describes the tropisms of roots correctly?
Positively phototropic and positively geotropic
Negatively phototropic but positively geotropic
Positively phototropic but negatively geotropic
Negatively phototropic and negatively geotropic
This ensures that they grow downwards, anchoring the plant in the soil and finding water and nutrients
8 .
What are the three main external stimuli to which plants respond?
Light, water, sound
Water, gravity, touch
Gravity, heat, light
Light, water, gravity
Some carnivorous plants respond to touch
9 .
If a plant pot with a seedling is placed on its side with a bright light at 45 degrees to the pot and higher, what will happen?
The whole plant will continue to grow horizontally but the leaves will be at 45 degrees to the stem
The stem will grow downwards and the roots will continue to grow horizontally
The stem will grow upwards at 90 degrees and the roots will continue to grow horizontally
The stem will grow upwards at about 45 degrees and the roots will grow downwards
The stems are positively phototropic and negatively geotropic so they will grow towards the bright light source as well as upwards. The roots are positively geotropic which is why they grow downwards
10 .
Phototropism is caused by a hormone. What is phototropism?
When old photographs are ruined by bacteria
Skin darkening in response to sunlight
Plant leaves losing their green colour when there isn't much sunlight
Plants growing towards the light
Plants growing next to a window need to be turned round regularly otherwise their leaves will all lean towards the light
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